Psychological toll of betrayal trauma may help explain why women kept silent for decades after their allegations of abuse against civil rights icon Cesar Chavez

The New York Times published allegations on March 18, 2026, that civil rights icon Cesar Chavez sexually assaulted multiple women over decades, including one victim who was 13 years old, based on extensive evidence gathered through historical records and interviews with more than 60 people. Women including Dolores Huerta, a United Farm Workers co-founder, told the newspaper they stayed silent for decades due to their dependence on Chavez as a boss and hero, fear of damaging the image of a Latino civil rights leader, and anticipation that they would not be believed. Psychological research on betrayal trauma shows that victims who depend on their abusers face extraordinary pressure to minimize abuse and are more likely to experience dissociation, memory impairment, and shame—all of which delay or prevent disclosure. Cultural betrayal trauma, when abuse occurs within marginalized communities, and institutional betrayal, when organizations fail to respond appropriately, compound the psychological harm and reinforce silence. The delayed disclosures now face the additional barrier of victim-blaming reactions, which research shows add further psychological distress to survivors.