Who is fighting in Myanmar’s multi-front civil war?

Myanmar is engulfed in a multi-front civil war involving the military regime, ethnic armed groups, and pro-democracy forces competing for control amid shifting alliances. The conflict intensified following the military's 2021 coup, which ousted the democratically elected government and sparked nationwide resistance from pro-democracy activists and armed militias. Ethnic armed organizations—many operating in Myanmar's border regions for decades—have opportunistically joined forces with anti-coup groups to challenge military authority, though these coalitions remain unstable and driven by tactical interest rather than unified ideology. The fluid nature of these alliances means territorial control and military advantage shift rapidly across the country. The war has created a humanitarian crisis with mass displacement, widespread atrocities, and economic collapse affecting millions of civilians.