Despite massive US attack and death of Ayatollah, regime change in Iran is unlikely

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by Donald Heflin, Executive Director of the Edward R. Murrow Center and Senior Fellow of Diplomatic Practice, The Fletcher School, Tufts University
February 28, 2026
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5 min read

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Despite a massive US and Israeli attack killing Iran's leader, regime change is unlikely, with a new hardline leadership expected.

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Despite a massive US and Israeli military assault on Iran on February 28, 2026, which reportedly killed Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, regime change in Tehran is unlikely. Veteran diplomat Donald Heflin argues that popular uprisings are difficult against a heavily armed regime, and the US has a poor history of encouraging such actions without follow-through. While the attacks aim to destabilize the leadership, Iran's deep revolutionary structure, particularly the Revolutionary Guards, means a new hardline leadership is more probable than a compliant one. This suggests a prolonged period of instability and continued challenges for US policy in the region.

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